Communication System & Status of Bangladesh
Introduction :
Communication is a medium where we can share our own feelings with other. That’s why the communication technologies such as- Radio, Telegram, Telephone, Mobile phone had been invented. The communication system by using these technologies is called Telecommunication system. The biggest change in telecommunications came after the invention of the wireless communication system. Now a day most of the telecommunication systems are wireless system. Technologists have invented many modern and upgraded devices for better communication. Mobile phone is the best technology for communicate with cellular communication network. Day by day the cellular communication networks are being changed with the expectation of the users. The cellular communications networks are known by their numeric generation. Such as- 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G. ‘G’ means Generation.
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1st Generation Networking :
1G was the first-Generation wireless communication through a device. That device was called mobile. First generation mobile network was introduced in late 70’s. But it was fully implemented standard established throughout the 80's. The first commercial mobile network (the 1G generation) was launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in 1979, especially in the metropolitan area of Tokyo. After that the NTT took five years to expand this network to whole country. 1G technology mobile was the one type of radio telephone. Then this network was launched in Australia, Denmark, Finland, USA, Norway, Sweden, UK, Mexico and Canada. The NMT was the first mobile phone with international roaming featured. The 1G network launched in the USA was Chicago-based Ameritech using the Motorola Dyna TAC mobile phone in 1983. 1G was an analogue technology. Generally, the 1G mobile phone had poor battery life and voice quality was large without much security. The user would sometimes experience dropped calls. The maximum speed of 1G is 2.4 Kbps.
2nd Generation Networking :
2G was the second-generation mobile communication system. There were a lot of difference between 1st and 2nd generation mobile network system. For that matter, the main difference between the two mobile telephone systems that the radio signals. The First-generation mobile used the analog radio signal whereas the second-generation mobile used digital signal. The other difference was during a call the voice was encoded to digital signal in 2G whereas 1G was only modulated to higher frequency especially 150 MHz and up. At last, but not least 1g mobile provided voice call whereas 2G provided sms (short message service) and mms (multimedia message service). 2g network also provided internal roaming, conference calls, call hold and billing based on services such as charges based on long distance calls and real time billing. The benefit of 2G was the user more efficiently used of the radio frequency spectrum enabling per frequency band. In 1991, 2G mobile network was commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland by Radiolinja but now it’s a part of Elisa Oyj. 2G offered a theoretical maximum transferred speed with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) was 50 Kbps. Also, there was a theoretical maximum transferred speed with Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) was 1 Mbps. Bangladesh Telecom Limited (BTL) was awarded a license to operate cellular, paging, and other wireless communication networks in 1989. Later in 1990 Hutchison Bangladesh Telecom Limited (HBTL) was incorporated in Bangladesh as a joint venture between Bangladesh Telecom Limited and Hutchison Telecommunications Bangladesh Limited. HBTL in 1993 had begun 2G network as commercial operation in Dhaka and become the 2nd mobile operator in South Asia. After that year Pacific Motors bought 50% of Bangladesh Telecom Limited. That is why in 1996 Hutchison Bangladesh Telecom Limited (HBTL) company changed their name as Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (PBTL). Later that company launched the 2G mobile which name is ‘Citycell Digital’. After that in 1997 Grameenphone launched 2G mobile network based on the GSM standard in the 900 MHz.
3rd Generation Networking :
3G network is the third generation of wireless network in mobile telecommunications technology. After 2G the first commercial 3G service was introduced in the middle of year 2001. This was upgraded for 2.5G GPRS and 2.75G EDGE networks, specially for faster data transfer. The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1998 and the branded was FOMA. It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (Trial) of W-CDMA technology. The operating range of 3G network is 2100 MHz and has a bandwidth of 15-20 MHz. Its speed is up to 2 Mbps. Its new features are- Increased bandwidth and data transfer rates, Can send or receive large email messages, Has large capacities and broadband capabilities.
In Bangladesh, 3G network was first launched on trial basis service in the year 2008 by Ericsson. The demonstration was called Alokito Bangladesh. That was the first step towards 3G service. To get green signal from the government, it took Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission(BTRC) more than 3 years to formulate guidelines, develop expert manpower and appoint consultant to guide the whole tedious process. And after completing all those hurdles, finally the 3G mobile service was started in October 2012 by state owned mobile network service Teletalk. In the year 2013, 3G auction held for private network companies. All 64 districts of Bangladesh were covered with 3G by Teletalk, Grameenphone, Banglalink and Robi in the year 2014. Though 3G networks covering 93% of the Bangladeshi population but the 3G service user is only 21% in 2017.
4th Generation Networking :
4G network is the Fourth Generation of broadband cellular network technology. After 3G service 4G was first defined by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU) in 2008. But its speeds and technical specifications were not immediately achievable for mobile networks or mobile devices. The first operator in the world to commercially launch 4G was TeliaSonera. The time was in late 2009, in the city centres of Stockholm and Oslo. After one year later 4G service was launched in Finland. 4G network is 500 times faster than 3G Network. Now a days 4G users can get speeds of up to 100 Mbps. On the other hands 3G only promised a peak speed of 14 Mbps. The operating range of 4G network is 2-8 GHz and has a bandwidth of 15-20 MHz. 4G service supports interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services. It has high speed, high capacity and low cost per bit. It also has global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks. Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements is also available in this service. On 19 February 2018, Bangladesh started the 4G network service when 70% of population had access to internet. The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission(BTRC) had awarded 4G licences to mobile network service company Grameenphone, Banglalink, Robi and Teletalk on 19 February 2018. In February 2021, after a survay it was seen that around 112.715 million Internet users in Bangladesh. Over 9.5 million users are utilizing ISP or Broadband Internet. 4G service availability in Bangladesh is now ranging from 60% to 80%.
5th Generation Networking :
The name of the next generation in telecommunication system is 5G. In the mobile communication system, 5G means 5th generation. In 2008, South Korea developed an R&D program for the 5G mobile communication system. In August 2012, New York University established a research center called NYU WIRELESS to work with the 5G network. In May 2013, Samsung and in November 2013, Huawai expressed interest in investing in the development of the 5G network. The company called Verizon ( the largest communication technology companies in the world ) has taken the lead in accelerating the development, installation and innovation of 5G. In 2015,to take the 5G system forward, a 5G technology forum was created with major companies such as Ericsson, Samsung, Qualcomm and Intel. The first 5G service was launched on April 3, 2019 in part of Chicago and Minneapolis. Then 5G service was launched on 27 June 2019 in Denver, on 1 July 2019 in Providence, on 26 September 2019 in Panama City and New York City respectively in different cities of different countries Since then, various companies have been able to invent 5G phones (Samsung Galaxy S10 5G, Galaxy Note 10+ 5G, LG V50 ThinQ™ 5G) . The bandwidth of 5g is 20 Gigabits-per-second ( 20 Gigabits-per-second (Gbps) peak data rates and 100+ Megabits-per-second (Mbps) average data rates) We are interested in using 5G because in 5G network compared to 4G, there is more bandwidth, higher download speed, to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, more uniform user experience to more users, higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user experiences. Bangladesh is not lagging behind in 5G network. Bangladesh has also entered the 5G era. To coincide with the golden jubilee celebrations of Bangladesh’s independence, Teletalk has launched its 5G network. On Sunday, December 12, 2021, Sajib Wazed Joy, advisor to the Prime Minister on information and communication technology, joined virtually and launched 5G service. Teletalk Bangladesh Limited has launched 5G service with technical support of Huawei on 13th December 2021 in Bangladesh. Initially 5G network will be available in 6 places in Bangladesh. The places are the Prime Minister's Office, Parliament, Secretariat, Bangabandhu Museum on Dhanmondi 32, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's birth place Tungipara in Gopalganj, and the National Martyrs' Memorial in Savar. Private operators will be able to launch this service through a wave auction next march 2021. The total of 460 MHz bandwidth has been allocated for 5G services, of which Teletalk is using 60 MHz, the remaining 400 MHz will be allocated to private operators through auction in March 2021. The present government has promised to launch 5G service across the country by 2021-2023. Currently 5G generation is the latest generation. The researchers have already started working on 6G. It is assumed that the 6G will be a hundred times faster than 5G.
Conclusion :
Keeping pace with the modern world, Bangladesh is also not lagging behind in mobile communication. The number of mobile service users in Bangladesh is not less at all. Now a day, in Bangladesh the number of mobile phone users has reached 171.854 million (at the end of 2021) and the total number of cellular mobile telecom operator is six. TeleTalk Bangladesh Limited, Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited, Airtel Bangladesh Limited, Robi Axiata Limited, Banglalink Digital Communications Limited, Grameen Phone Limited. Currently most of the operator companies are giving 4G service. After launching 5G network in Bangladesh the mobile telecom operators will supply 5G services to the users. The generation of cellular networks will be improved in the future and it is expected that the cellular mobile network operators in Bangladesh will be able to ensure customer service in tandem with it.
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