History Of Science & Technology

 Stone Age

 

           The Stone Age marks a period of prehistory in which humans used primitive stone tools. Lasting roughly 3.4 million years, the Stone Age ended between 4,000 BCE & 2,000 BCE. In the stone Age, humans shared the planet with a number of now-extinct hominin relatives, including Neanderthals and Denisovans. Basically they lived in caves, huts, tusk/bone or skin hovels, mostly by rivers and lakes.

When humans working with metal and making tools and weapons is the end of this stone age. We can divided Stone ages into three categories :

1. Palaeolithic :

2. Mesolithic/ Epipalaeolithic

3. Neolithic

1. Palaeolithic :

                        The Palaeolithic called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers 0.99% of the period of human technological prehistory. It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago, to the end of this part to 11,650 BCE. 

Tools : 

          Handmade tools and objects found in nature such as :

hand axe , scratch awl , sharpne stone , harpoon etc.

 Society :

               Hunting and gathering in small bands of 25 – 100 people.

2. Mesolithic :

                  

                      The Mesolithic is the time period between Palaeolithic and Neolithic. This period is also known as Epipalaeolithic. It extends from 12000 BCE to 6000 BCE. They made temporary villages at opportune locations for economic activities. 

                      

Tools :

           Stone tools employed in composite devices such as 

                                                               harpoon, bow and arrow. 

           Other devices such as

                                          fish – basket, boats

Society :

           Intensive hunting and gathering, porting of wild animals and seeds of wild plants for domestic use and planting.

3. Neolithic :

                    The Neolithic period is the last division of the Stone Age where a wide set of individually emerging developments in different parts of the world.  It extends from 6000 BCE to 3000 BCE. Finally, They made permanently different size of villages to walled cities, public works. 

Tools :

            Polished stone tools, devices useful in subsistence farming and defense such as 

       yoke, hoe, grain-pourer, looms & weapons etc.

Society :

             Neolithic Revolution - domestication of plants and animals used in agriculture and herding, Supplementary gathering, hunting, and fishing. Warfare. Permanent settlements up to to walled cities.